Like many colleges, mine is currently involved in trying to create a more precise definition of scholarly expectations for tenure. It is, no doubt, a venture undertaken with the best intentions and with recognition of the stress the traditionally fuzzy tenure critera can cause. I’ve only been tenured for a couple years and can still recall the trepidtation this process evokes.

That said, I’m just not sure how this can work.

For example, we might say we expect you to publish three scholarly articles in peer-reviewed journals. It’s easy enough to imagine a scenario in which three articles could be less impressive than two or even one article. That is, we can imagine scenarios where three articles would not be sufficient and fewer articles would be.

Then, of course, we get into things like poems, short stories, articles in non-peer-reviewed journals, essays in book collections, entries in encyclopedias, conference presentations (national and regional), grants, and (god forbid) even blogs, just to name a few. Plus there are other scholarly activities like serving as an editor for a journal or a press or working as a consultant.

You could never anticipate all the possible scholarly activities, so any statement along these lines would eventually end with the phrase "or equivalent work."  But equivalent to what?

Why, three scholarly articles of course. Which is what? Something that may or may not get you tenure.

Are we having fun yet?

That said, I think the guideline is useful. Being told you need to publish three scholarly articles is clearly different from being told you need to publish six articles or land a major grant or publish a book or two books! But its really not the kind of thing you can quantify. If you’re in a department where everyone publishes lit. crit essays and you publish poems, it’s going to be a bit of a struggle to get your work properly valued. One way to think of this is as the logic of the marketplace. The college can try to fix prices but generally local marketplaces will determine value. Your poems may be great but they won’t sell well in a market for lit. crit essays. 

Actually, it’s more complex than this. This effort, however good-intentioned, is founded upon the commodification of higher education. We may not value academic work strictly in terms of commericial value, but we are attempting to imagine some academic capital (of reputation or academic excellence) against which all intellectual activity can be weighed.

Unfortantely information, knowledge, thought are material and singular. Though the value of knowledge lies, to some degree, in its ability to be applied elsewhere, this does not mean that can correspond to some universal value system. What is fungible about intellectual work are elements that we probably consider (or should consider) as least meaningful or indicative of academic merit (e.g., popularity, quantity, etc.).

I realize this doesn’t do anything to lessen the uncertainty of the tenure process. That sucks. The best answer there, I believe, is regular open evaluation and conversation between T&P committees and faculty, as well as mentoring and other support for junior colleagues.

2 responses to “The fungibility of tenure”

  1. In some ways much more scary: how can universities get some established people to feel that they shouldn’t ruin careers and go for the jugular when they are asked to provide an external evaluation of work that is different from their own? I feel sure that this happens. I have seen it first-hand in one instance. At another place, I’ve seen the administration get nasty: Cambridge University Press is not a quality press, therefore no tenure. Absurd. And Harvard is? Their corruption is notorious. Very disheartening to me.
    I don’t want to shift attention from the question of tenure requirements. Just what’s been on my mind.

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  2. No doubt you’re right Matthew. Tenure has always been a difficult process, filled with notorious stories. And I think things have become more difficult in some ways.
    When I got this job in 2001, it was a 4-3 teaching load. I was essentially told that if I did well in the areas of teaching and service, success at research was not necessary for tenure. I’m not sure how much faith I put in that promise, and I placed a fair amount of emphasis on doing scholarship.
    Now we are on a 3-3, and there is more emphasis on doing scholarship. Many other mid-level, comprehensive colleges like mine are doing the same thing. The increase of publications from faculty such as myself, leads to increased demands for faculty at research universities and also devalues the scholarly value of the journal article. It’s sad that it works out that way, but that’s the nature of the academic marketplace.
    Factor into this the collapse of the academic book market and it becomes increasingly difficult for junior faculty to get books published.
    The result?
    Increased pressure to publish in a market that is looking to publish fewer and fewer academic books. Sure there are perhaps new venues for publication: new types of publishers, online journals, and so on. However it becomes more difficult to evaluate the value of a book or journal article.
    Again it comes down to the issue of fungibility. There is the urge to evaluate one piece of scholarship in the context of others, but the market is so volatile that it’s difficult to measure such values, I think.
    At Cortland, teaching on a 3-3 limits the amount of time during the academic year one has for research. Also for me, keeping up with new technologies is a significant time drain. Doing that is not exactly part of my research.
    The great advantage though is that I’ve always felt that the stakes were reasonably low. I didn’t have to publish a book. I didn’t have to publish research in a narrowly defined field or in particular journals.
    If I decide to stop writing scholarly articles and write poetry instead, I don’t believe anyone is going to complain. I don’t see that happening (though I would like to get back to writing the poetry and fiction I left behind when I went in search of tenure), but I don’t see the College having a problem with my switching my focus.

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